Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials generated by human activity. Proper handling of solid waste is essential for environmental protection, public health, and resource conservation. Methods include recycling, composting, incineration, and landfill disposal. By reducing, reusing, and recycling waste, we can minimize the negative impact on the environment and promote sustainable development. Innovations in technology and policy-making are key to improving efficiency and minimizing waste generation, leading to a cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.

Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, typically from ore bodies, lodes, veins, seams, or reefs. Mining activities aim to recover resources like metals (gold, silver, copper), coal, oil, gas, or other essential materials used in various industries.

There are two primary types of mining: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining involves removing large areas of soil and rock to access deposits near the surface. In contrast, underground mining extracts minerals located deep within the earth by constructing tunnels and shafts.